Daniel 3

Daniel · Chapter 3

Daniel 3:10

1Nebuchadnezzar the king made an image of gold, whose height was threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof six cubits: he set it up in the plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon.2Then Nebuchadnezzar the king sent to gather together the princes, the governors, and the captains, the judges, the treasurers, the counsellors, the sheriffs, and all the rulers of the provinces, to come to the dedication of the image which Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up.3Then the princes, the governors, and captains, the judges, the treasurers, the counsellors, the sheriffs, and all the rulers of the provinces, were gathered together unto the dedication of the image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up; and they stood before the image that Nebuchadnezzar had set up.4Then an herald cried aloud, To you it is commanded, O people, nations, and languages,5That at what time ye hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, ye fall down and worship the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar the king hath set up:6And whoso falleth not down and worshippeth shall the same hour be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace.7Therefore at that time, when all the people heard the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and all kinds of musick, all the people, the nations, and the languages, fell down and worshipped the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up.8Wherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and accused the Jews.9They spake and said to the king Nebuchadnezzar, O king, live for ever.10Thou, O king, hast made a decree, that every man that shall hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, shall fall down and worship the golden image:11And whoso falleth not down and worshippeth, that he should be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace.12There are certain Jews whom thou hast set over the affairs of the province of Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego; these men, O king, have not regarded thee: they serve not thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.13Then Nebuchadnezzar in his rage and fury commanded to bring Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. Then they brought these men before the king.14Nebuchadnezzar spake and said unto them, Is it true, O Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, do not ye serve my gods, nor worship the golden image which I have set up?15Now if ye be ready that at what time ye hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, ye fall down and worship the image which I have made; well: but if ye worship not, ye shall be cast the same hour into the midst of a burning fiery furnace; and who is that God that shall deliver you out of my hands?16Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, answered and said to the king, O Nebuchadnezzar, we are not careful to answer thee in this matter.17If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king.18But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.19Then was Nebuchadnezzar full of fury, and the form of his visage was changed against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego: therefore he spake, and commanded that they should heat the furnace one seven times more than it was wont to be heated.20And he commanded the most mighty men that were in his army to bind Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, and to cast them into the burning fiery furnace.21Then these men were bound in their coats, their hosen, and their hats, and their other garments, and were cast into the midst of the burning fiery furnace.22Therefore because the king’s commandment was urgent, and the furnace exceeding hot, the flame of the fire slew those men that took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego.23And these three men, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, fell down bound into the midst of the burning fiery furnace.24Then Nebuchadnezzar the king was astonied, and rose up in haste, and spake, and said unto his counsellors, Did not we cast three men bound into the midst of the fire? They answered and said unto the king, True, O king.25He answered and said, Lo, I see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire, and they have no hurt; and the form of the fourth is like the Son of God.26Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the mouth of the burning fiery furnace, and spake, and said, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, ye servants of the most high God, come forth, and come hither. Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, came forth of the midst of the fire.27And the princes, governors, and captains, and the king’s counsellors, being gathered together, saw these men, upon whose bodies the fire had no power, nor was an hair of their head singed, neither were their coats changed, nor the smell of fire had passed on them.28Then Nebuchadnezzar spake, and said, Blessed be the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who hath sent his angel, and delivered his servants that trusted in him, and have changed the king’s word, and yielded their bodies, that they might not serve nor worship any god, except their own God.29Therefore I make a decree, That every people, nation, and language, which speak any thing amiss against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, shall be cut in pieces, and their houses shall be made a dunghill: because there is no other God that can deliver after this sort.30Then the king promoted Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, in the province of Babylon.

King James Version (1769)

Other translations

VerseKJVBSBASV
10Thou, O king, hast made a decree, that every man that shall hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, shall fall down and worship the golden image:You, O king, have issued a decree that everyone who hears the sound of the horn, flute, zither, lyre, harp, pipes, and all kinds of music must fall down and worship the golden statue,Thou, O king, hast made a decree, that every man that shall hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and dulcimer, and all kinds of music, shall fall down and worship the golden image;

In context

AI-assisted, sourced

Certain Chaldeans come to King Nebuchadnezzar and remind him of his own decree: everyone must bow to the golden image when the music sounds. They are setting up a charge against three Jews, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who would not bow. The verse repeats the herald's command almost word for word. Daniel 3:8Daniel 3:9Daniel 3:10Daniel 3:11Daniel 3:12Daniel 3:5

SpeakingCertain Chaldeans who came near and accused the Jews are speaking. Daniel 3:8Daniel 3:9

ToThey speak to King Nebuchadnezzar, who made the image and gave the command. Daniel 3:9Daniel 3:1Daniel 3:4

Also involvedShadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, Jews the king had set over the affairs of the province of Babylon, are the ones being accused. Daniel 3:12

The accusers restate the king's decree: at the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, dulcimer, and all kinds of music, every man must fall down and worship the golden image. The next verse adds the penalty, the burning fiery furnace. This prepares the charge that the three Jews serve not the king's gods nor worship the image. Daniel 3:10Daniel 3:11Daniel 3:12Daniel 3:5Daniel 3:6

The image stood in the plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon, where the king's officials were gathered. Daniel 3:1Daniel 3:3

BABYLONIAMEDIABabylon 1SusaUlai

The eventsThis happens in the reign of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, at the dedication of his golden image. The book's events run from about 605 BC to about 536 BC. Daniel 3:1Daniel 3:2Daniel overview

WrittenTraditional view: Daniel wrote the book in the 500s BC. Scholarly view: many critical scholars date its final form to about 167-164 BC, while others hold to the traditional date. Daniel overview

HereThe verse lays out the exact terms of the law so the test is clear: bow to the image or face the furnace. It sets the stage for the three men's refusal and God's deliverance. Daniel 3:10Daniel 3:11Daniel 3:17Daniel 3:18Daniel 3:28

In the whole of ScriptureDaniel shows God's people how to stay faithful under foreign rulers and that the most High rules over the kingdoms of men. A similar charge appears in Daniel 6:12-13, where accusers remind a king of his decree and then name Daniel as the one who broke it. Daniel overviewDaniel 6:12Daniel 6:13

For readersA king's decree here demands worship that the three men will give only to their own God. They refuse, trusting that God is able to deliver them, and saying that even if he does not, they will not bow. Daniel 3:10Daniel 3:17Daniel 3:18Daniel 3:28

  • decreeטְעֵם
    Aramaic · te.em · H2942

    The lexicon glosses this word as command, with the sense of a report. Here it names the king's royal order, like the king's decree in Daniel 6:12 that is used against Daniel. Strong's H2942Daniel 6:12Daniel 6:13

  • worshipסְגִ֑ד
    Aramaic · se.gid · H5457

    The word means to prostrate oneself, do homage, worship. The same act of bowing to the image is what the three men refuse in Daniel 3:18 and what Nebuchadnezzar later says they would not give to any god but their own. Strong's H5457Daniel 3:18Daniel 3:28

  • imageצְלֵם
    Aramaic · tse.lem · H6755

    The lexicon defines this word as image or idol. The command was to bow to this image, which the three Jews refused to do. Strong's H6755Daniel 3:12Daniel 3:18

Takeaway

The accusers quote the king's own law against men who would worship only God. The three men refuse to bow to the image and trust God, and God delivers them from the furnace. Daniel 3:10Daniel 3:12Daniel 3:17Daniel 3:18Daniel 3:28

Drafted by AI from the Scripture and data shown under “Show sources,” then checked automatically and by a second AI pass. Updated 2026-10-28.

The world around the text

About 605-536 BC. King of Babylon: Nebuchadnezzar (605-562 BC). Where Daniel lived and served for about seventy years. The capital of the Babylonian empire, on the Euphrates south of modern Baghdad, in the land the Bible calls Shinar and Chaldea.

Who ruled
  • King of BabylonNebuchadnezzar605-562 BC

    The king who besieged Jerusalem, carried Daniel and the temple vessels to Babylon, and later destroyed the city and temple. His own building inscriptions boast of the Babylon he built. Daniel 1:1-22 Kings 24:12 Kings 25:8-10Jeremiah 25:1Babylonian Chronicles (ABC 5)

  • Last king of Babylon, and his son who ruled in his placeNabonidus and Belshazzar556-539 BC

    Nabonidus spent about ten years at the oasis of Tema in Arabia and left his son Belshazzar to rule in Babylon. That is why Belshazzar could only offer Daniel the place of "third ruler in the kingdom": he was himself second. Daniel 5:1Daniel 5:7Daniel 5:29Nabonidus Chronicle (ABC 7)Verse Account of Nabonidus

  • Received the kingdom after Babylon fellDarius the MedianFrom 539 BC

    Daniel says he "took the kingdom, being about threescore and two years old" and set 120 princes over it. Records outside the Bible do not name him; he has been identified with Gubaru, the governor Cyrus set over Babylon, or with Cyrus himself. Daniel 5:31Daniel 6:1Daniel 9:1Nabonidus Chronicle (ABC 7)

  • King of PersiaCyrus559-530 BC

    He united the Medes and Persians, took Babylon in 539 BC, and let the exiles go home to rebuild the temple, as Isaiah had named him beforehand. Daniel 1:21Daniel 6:28Daniel 10:1Ezra 1:1-4Isaiah 44:28-45:1Cyrus Cylinder

  • King of JudahJehoiakim609-598 BC

    Judah's king when Daniel was taken. Jeremiah warned him and his people that the land would serve Babylon seventy years. Daniel 1:1-22 Kings 23:36-24:6Jeremiah 25:1-11

What was happening, 612 BC to 167 BC
  1. 612 BC
    WarNineveh falls

    Babylon and the Medes destroyed Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, as Nahum and Zephaniah had foretold. Babylon became the great power of the region. Nahum 3:7Zephaniah 2:13Fall of Nineveh Chronicle (ABC 3)

  2. 605 BC
    WarBattle of Carchemish

    Nebuchadnezzar defeated Pharaoh Necho of Egypt at Carchemish on the Euphrates, in Jehoiakim's fourth year. The same year he came against Jerusalem and took the first captives, Daniel among them. Jeremiah 46:2Daniel 1:1-4Babylonian Chronicles (ABC 5)

  3. 597 BC
    WarJerusalem surrenders

    Nebuchadnezzar took King Jehoiachin, his nobles and craftsmen to Babylon. The prophet Ezekiel went into exile with them. 2 Kings 24:10-17Ezekiel 1:2Babylonian Chronicles (ABC 5)

  4. 586 BC
    WarJerusalem and the temple destroyed

    Babylon's army burned the temple and the city and broke down its walls. Daniel later prays over "the desolations of Jerusalem" and asks God to shine on his "sanctuary that is desolate." 2 Kings 25:8-10Jeremiah 52:12-14Daniel 9:2Daniel 9:17

  5. c. 575 BC
    BuildingBabylon rebuilt in splendor

    Nebuchadnezzar rebuilt Babylon with great walls, palaces and the blue-glazed Ishtar Gate, and his inscriptions praise his own work. Compare his boast: "Is not this great Babylon, that I have built?" Daniel 4:30Nebuchadnezzar's East India House InscriptionHerodotus, Histories 1.178-183

  6. 562 BC
    RulersNebuchadnezzar dies

    His son Evil-merodach became king and released Jehoiachin of Judah from prison. 2 Kings 25:27-30Jeremiah 52:31-34

  7. c. 553-543 BC
    RulersNabonidus leaves Babylon to Belshazzar

    King Nabonidus stayed at Tema in Arabia for about ten years, and the yearly New Year festival in Babylon was not held. Belshazzar governed in Babylon. Nabonidus Chronicle (ABC 7)Daniel 5:1Daniel 7:1

  8. 550 BC
    WarCyrus unites the Medes and Persians

    Cyrus of Persia defeated Astyages king of the Medes, joining the two peoples in one kingdom. Daniel's vision names the ram's two horns as "the kings of Media and Persia," the higher coming up last. Daniel 8:3Daniel 8:20Nabonidus Chronicle (ABC 7)Herodotus, Histories 1.127-130

  9. October 539 BC
    WarBabylon falls to Cyrus

    Cyrus's army entered Babylon without a long siege. Herodotus says the people were feasting when the city was taken. Daniel records that "in that night was Belshazzar the king of the Chaldeans slain." Daniel 5:30-31Nabonidus Chronicle (ABC 7)Herodotus, Histories 1.191Cyrus Cylinder

  10. 538 BC
    God's peopleCyrus lets the exiles return

    In his first year over Babylon, Cyrus proclaimed that the Jews could go back and build the LORD's house in Jerusalem. Daniel "continued even unto the first year of king Cyrus." Ezra 1:1-42 Chronicles 36:22-23Daniel 1:21Cyrus Cylinder

  11. c. 536 BC
    God's peopleThe temple's foundation is laid

    The returned exiles rebuilt the altar and laid the foundation of the temple. In the third year of Cyrus, Daniel was still in the east, mourning and praying. Ezra 3:1-11Daniel 10:1-3

  12. 334-331 BC
    WarAlexander the Great conquers Persia

    Alexander of Macedon crossed into Asia and overthrew the Persian empire within four years. Daniel 8:21 names the rough goat as "the king of Grecia" and its great horn as "the first king." Daniel 8:5-8Daniel 8:21Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander 1-3

  13. 323-301 BC
    WarAlexander's empire is divided

    Alexander died young, and after twenty years of war his generals divided his empire, chiefly into four kingdoms. Daniel 8:22 says "four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not in his power." Daniel 8:8Daniel 8:22Daniel 11:4Diodorus Siculus, Library 18-20Plutarch, Demetrius 28-30

  14. 167 BC
    WarAntiochus IV defiles the temple

    The Greek king Antiochus IV banned Jewish worship and set up a pagan altar on the altar of burnt offering. 1 Maccabees calls it "the abomination of desolation." Two centuries later Jesus spoke of "the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet" as still to come. 1 Maccabees 1:54-59Josephus, Antiquities 12.5.4Matthew 24:15

The full picture: places, culture and daily life. Scripture first, then ancient records of these years (the Babylonian Chronicles, the Cyrus Cylinder, Nebuchadnezzar's inscriptions) and ancient writers (Herodotus, Arrian, Diodorus, Josephus). Drafted by Claude and not yet reviewed by a person.

Original Aramaic words

This passage was written in Aramaic, the common language of the Babylonian and Persian empires, which the Jews of the exile also spoke. It uses the same alphabet as Hebrew.

EnglishAramaicSay itStrong'sMeaning
youאַ֣נְתְּ'an-tahH0607
you

אַנְתָּה (an.tah) you, thou (second pers. sing.) Aramaic of at.tah (אַתָּ֫ה "you(m.s.)" H0859A)

king Oמַלְכָּא֮mal-KA'H4430
king

מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) king Aramaic of me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4428) § 1) king

you madeשָׂ֣מְתָּSA-me-taH7761G
to set: make

שׂוּם (sum) 1) to set, make, appoint 1a) (P'al) 1a1) to make, make decree, setout (decree) 1a2) to make, appoint 1a3) to set, fix 1b) (Ithp'al) to be made, be set, be laid

a decreeטְּעֵם֒te-'EMH2942
command

טְעֵם (te.em) 1) report, taste 1a) taste 1b) report

thatדִּ֣יdiH1768
that

דִּי (di) part of relation 1) who, which, that mark of genitive 2) that of, which belongs to, that conj 3) that, because

everyכָל־khol-H3606
all

כֹּל (kol) 1) all, whole, the whole 1a) the whole of, all 1b) every, any, none

personאֱנָ֡שׁ'e-NASHH0606
man

אֱנָשׁ (e.nash) 1) man, human being 2) mankind (collective) Aramaic of e.nosh (אֱנוֹשׁ "human" H0582)

whoדִּֽי־di-H1768
that

דִּי (di) part of relation 1) who, which, that mark of genitive 2) that of, which belongs to, that conj 3) that, because

he will hearיִשְׁמַ֡עyish-MA'H8086
to hear

שְׁמַע (she.ma) 1) to hear 1a) (P'al) to hear, have a sense of hearing 1b) (Ithpael) to show oneself obedient

[the] sound ofקָ֣לkalH7032G
voice: sound

קָל (qal) : sound voice, sound Aramaic of qol (קוֹל ": sound" H6963H)

horn theקַרְנָ֣אkar-NA'H7162
horn

קֶ֫רֶן (qe.ren) 1) horn 1a) as musical instrument 1b) symbolic (in visions) 1c) of an animal

flute theמַ֠שְׁרֹקִיתָאMASH-ro-ki-ta'H4953
flute

מַשְׁרוֹקִי (mash.ro.qi) pipe

zitherקַתְר֨וֹסki-ta-rosH7030
lyre

קַתָרֹס (qi.ta.ros) 1) a musical instrument 1a) probably the lyre or zither

trigonשַׂבְּכָ֤אsa-be-KHA'H5443
trigon

שַׂבְּכָא (sab.b.kah) 1) trigon, musical instrument 1a) a triangular musical instrument with four strings, similar to a lyre

harpפְסַנְתֵּרִין֙fe-san-te-RINH6460
psaltery

פְּסַנְטֵרִין (pe.san.te.rin) 1) a stringed instrument (triangular) 1a) perhaps a lyre or a harp

and pipeוְסוּפֹּ֣נְיָ֔הve-si-po-ne-yahH5481
bagpipe

סוּמְפּוֹנְיָה (sum.po.ne.yah) 1) a musical instrument, wind instrument, bagpipe, double pipe, panpipes 1a) perhaps dulcimer, panpipes

and allוְכֹ֖לve-KHOLH3606
all

כֹּל (kol) 1) all, whole, the whole 1a) the whole of, all 1b) every, any, none

the kinds ofזְנֵ֣יze-NEIH2178
kind

זַן (zan) kind, sort Aramaic of zan (זַן "kind" H2177)

the musicזְמָרָ֑אze-ma-RA'H2170
music

זְמָר (ze.mar) instrumental music, music Aramaic of za.mar (זָמַר "to sing" H2167)

he will fall downיִפֵּ֥לyi-PELH5308
to fall

נְפַל (ne.phal) 1) to fall 1a) (P'al) 1a1) to fall 1a2) to fall down

so he may pay homageוְיִסְגֻּ֖דve-yis-GUDH5457
to do homage

סְגִ֑ד (se.gid) 1) to prostrate oneself, do homage, worship 1a) (P'al) to do homage

to [the] image ofלְצֶ֥לֶםle-TZE-lemH6755
image

צְלֵם (tse.lem) image, idol Aramaic of tse.lem (צֶ֫לֶם "image" H6754)

the goldדַּהֲבָֽא׃da-ha-VA'H1722
gold

דְּהַב (de.hav) gold Aramaic of za.hav (זָהָב "gold" H2091)

Words and meanings from STEPBible data (Tyndale House, Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). The capitalized syllable is the stressed one.