Zechariah 1:12
King James Version (1769)
Other translations
| Verse | KJV | BSB | ASV |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | Then the angel of the LORD answered and said, O LORD of hosts, how long wilt thou not have mercy on Jerusalem and on the cities of Judah, against which thou hast had indignation these threescore and ten years? | Then the angel of the LORD said, “How long, O LORD of Hosts, will You withhold mercy from Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, with which You have been angry these seventy years?” | Then the angel of Jehovah answered and said, O Jehovah of hosts, how long wilt thou not have mercy on Jerusalem and on the cities of Judah, against which thou hast had indignation these threescore and ten years? |
In context
AI-assisted, sourcedIn Zechariah's first night vision, riders report that all the earth sits still and at rest (1:11). The angel of the LORD then asks the LORD of hosts how long He will withhold mercy from Jerusalem and Judah after seventy years of indignation. The LORD answers with good and comforting words: He is returned to Jerusalem with mercies, and His house will be built (1:13-17). Zechariah 1:11Zechariah 1:12Zechariah 1:13Zechariah 1:16
SpeakingThe angel of the LORD, the one standing among the myrtle trees (1:11), speaks to the LORD of hosts. The word for angel means messenger and can also mean the theophanic angel, an angel through whom God Himself appears. Zechariah 1:11Zechariah 1:12Strong's H4397H
ToThe question is addressed to the LORD of hosts. Zechariah sees and hears it in a vision, and he is told to pass the answer on to the people (1:14). Zechariah 1:12Zechariah 1:14
Also involvedJerusalem and the cities of Judah, whose people had come back from exile in Babylon and were rebuilding the temple. Zechariah 1:12Zechariah overview
The angel pleads with God for mercy on Jerusalem. He points out that God's indignation against the city has lasted seventy years, while the nations around sit at ease. God replies that He is jealous for Jerusalem and angry with the nations that helped forward her affliction (1:14-15). Zechariah 1:11Zechariah 1:12Zechariah 1:14Zechariah 1:15
In the vision, the riders stand among myrtle trees in a low place (1:8). The plea concerns Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, where the returned exiles lived. Zechariah 1:8Zechariah 1:12JerusalemZechariah overview
The eventsThe vision came on the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, Sebat, in the second year of Darius (1:7). The seventy years recall Jeremiah's word that Jerusalem's desolation would last seventy years (Daniel 9:2; Jeremiah 29:10; 2 Chronicles 36:21). Zechariah 1:7Daniel 9:2Jeremiah 29:102 Chronicles 36:21
WrittenTraditional: written by Zechariah, with dated messages from about 520 to 518 BC. Scholarly: most scholars agree chapters 1-8, which include this verse, come from Zechariah in 520-518 BC. Zechariah overviewZechariah 1:1
HereThe question sets up God's answer. He has returned to Jerusalem with mercies, His house will be built there, and He will yet comfort Zion (1:16-17). This encouraged the people to finish rebuilding the temple. Zechariah 1:16Zechariah 1:17Zechariah overview
In the whole of Scripture"How long" is a cry heard elsewhere in Scripture from God's suffering people (Psalms 74:10; Revelation 6:10). Here the set time had come, as Psalms 102:13 says: "Thou shalt arise, and have mercy upon Zion: for the time to favour her, yea, the set time, is come." God keeps His word to visit His people after seventy years (Jeremiah 29:10). Psalms 74:10Revelation 6:10Psalms 102:13Jeremiah 29:10
For readersGod's people may bring honest "how long" prayers to Him, and He answers with good and comfortable words (1:13). His anger toward His people was limited, and His mercy returns (1:15-16). Zechariah 1:13Zechariah 1:15Zechariah 1:16
- have mercyרָחַם
The word means to love deeply, have compassion, or have tender affection. The angel is asking for God's tender love toward the city, and God answers that He has returned "with mercies" (1:16). Strong's H7355Zechariah 1:16
- had indignationזָעַם
The word means to be indignant or to denounce. It names God's anger at Jerusalem, which the chapter ties to the fathers' evil ways (1:2-4). God later calls that anger "but a little" compared with the nations' cruelty (1:15). Strong's H2194Zechariah 1:2Zechariah 1:4Zechariah 1:15
- angelמַלְאָךְ
The word means messenger, angel, or the theophanic angel. The angel of the LORD here speaks for Jerusalem before the LORD of hosts. Strong's H4397HZechariah 1:12
Takeaway
Zechariah 1:12 is an angel's plea for mercy on Jerusalem after the seventy years Jeremiah foretold. God answers with comfort: He returns to His city with mercy and will rebuild His house. Zechariah 1:12Zechariah 1:13Zechariah 1:16Jeremiah 29:10
Drafted by AI from the Scripture and data shown under “Show sources,” then checked automatically and by a second AI pass. Updated 2026-10-28.
The world around the text
About 520-518 BC. King of Persia: Darius I (522-486 BC). Where Zechariah prophesied. A small, poor community was rebuilding the temple among the ruins of the city Babylon had burned.
Who ruled
- King of PersiaDarius I522-486 BC
Zechariah dates his messages by the years of Darius. Darius confirmed Cyrus's decree and ordered the temple work to go on at royal expense. Zechariah 1:1Zechariah 7:1Ezra 6:1-12Haggai 1:1Behistun Inscription
- Governor of JudahZerubbabelc. 520 BC
A descendant of David who led the rebuilding. "The hands of Zerubbabel have laid the foundation of this house; his hands shall also finish it." Zechariah 4:6-10Haggai 1:1Ezra 3:8
- High priestJoshua the high priestc. 520 BC
Called Jeshua in Ezra. He stands in Zechariah's vision clothed in filthy garments, which are taken away, and later receives crowns as a sign. Zechariah 3:1-10Zechariah 6:11Haggai 1:1Ezra 3:2
- Persian governor "on this side the river"Tattenaic. 520 BC
The governor of the province west of the Euphrates. He asked who had allowed the building, wrote to Darius, and was told to let the work go on. Ezra 5:3-6Ezra 6:6-13
What was happening, 539 BC to 332 BC
- 539 BCWarBabylon falls to Cyrus
Cyrus king of Persia took Babylon, ending the empire that had destroyed Jerusalem. Daniel 5:30-31Nabonidus Chronicle (ABC 7)Cyrus Cylinder
- 538 BCGod's peopleThe first return
Cyrus let the exiles go home to build the LORD's house. About fifty thousand returned with Zerubbabel and Jeshua. Ezra 1:1-4Ezra 2:1-2Ezra 2:64-65
- c. 536 BCGod's peopleThe foundation is laid, then the work stops
The returned exiles laid the temple's foundation with shouting and weeping. Opposition from their neighbors stopped the work until the second year of Darius. Ezra 3:10-13Ezra 4:4-5Ezra 4:24
- 525 BCWarPersia conquers Egypt
Cyrus's son Cambyses invaded and took Egypt, bringing the whole region from the Nile to the Indus under one king. Herodotus, Histories 3.1-16
- 522-521 BCWarDarius crushes the revolts
When Darius took the throne, provinces across the empire rebelled, Babylon twice. By 520 he had put them all down. Compare the riders' report in Zechariah's first vision: "all the earth sitteth still, and is at rest." Behistun InscriptionHerodotus, Histories 3.150-159Zechariah 1:11
- 520 BCGod's peopleHaggai and Zechariah stir the people to build
In Darius's second year the two prophets urged the people to take up the temple work again, and Zerubbabel and Jeshua began to build. Ezra 5:1-2Haggai 1:1-15Zechariah 1:1
- c. 520-519 BCRulersDarius confirms Cyrus's decree
Tattenai questioned the building. A search found Cyrus's decree at Achmetha, and Darius ordered the work to continue and be paid for from royal taxes. Ezra 5:3-6:12
- 515 BCBuildingThe second temple is finished
The temple was finished on the third day of Adar in Darius's sixth year and dedicated with joy. Ezra 6:14-18Zechariah 4:9
- 490-479 BCWarPersia's wars with Greece
Persia invaded Greece twice and was turned back at Marathon (490), Salamis (480) and Plataea (479). Greece, which Zechariah names in 9:13, was becoming Persia's great rival. Herodotus, Histories 6.102-117Herodotus, Histories 8.40-96Herodotus, Histories 9.1-89Zechariah 9:13
- 445 BCBuildingNehemiah rebuilds Jerusalem's walls
Under the Persian king Artaxerxes, Nehemiah came from Shushan and rebuilt the walls in fifty-two days. Nehemiah 2:1-8Nehemiah 6:15
- 332 BCWarAlexander takes Tyre and Gaza
Alexander the Great besieged island Tyre for seven months and then Gaza for two, on his way to Egypt. Zechariah 9 speaks of Tyre's "strong hold" and of Gaza, Ashkelon, Ekron and Ashdod. Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander 2.15-27Zechariah 9:3-7
The full picture: places, culture and daily life. Scripture first, then ancient records (the Behistun Inscription, the Cyrus Cylinder, the Babylonian Chronicles) and ancient writers (Herodotus, Arrian, Josephus). Drafted by Claude and not yet reviewed by a person.
Where
- Jerusalem settlementMapAbout this place
Locations from OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0). Some ancient sites are uncertain.
Original Hebrew words
| English | Hebrew | Say it | Strong's | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| and he answered | וַיַּ֣עַן | vai-YA-'an | H6030B | to answerעָנָה (a.nah) 1) to answer, respond, testify, speak, shout 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to answer, respond to 1a2) to testify, respond as a witness 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to make answer 1b2) to be answered, receive answer Aramaic equivalent: a.nah (עֲנָה "to answer" H6032) |
| [the] angel of | מַלְאַךְ־ | mal-'akh- | H4397H | messengerמַלְאָךְ (ma.le.akh) : messenger 1) messenger, representative 1a) messenger 1b) angel 1c) the theophanic angel |
| Yahweh | יְהוָה֮ | YAH-weh | H3068G | Lordאֲדֹנָי (a.do.nai) Lord - a title, spoken in place of Yahweh in Jewish display of reverence Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G) |
| and he said | וַיֹּאמַר֒ | vai-yo-MAR | H0559 | to sayאָמַר (a.mar) 1) to say, speak, utter 1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend 1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called 1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly 1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560) |
| O Yahweh | יְהוָ֣ה | YAH-weh | H3068G | Lordאֲדֹנָי (a.do.nai) Lord - a title, spoken in place of Yahweh in Jewish display of reverence Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G) |
| of hosts | צְבָא֔וֹת | tze-va-'ot | H6635B | Hostsצָבָא (tsa.va) The Hosts (of the Lord) Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G) |
| until | עַד־ | 'ad- | H5704 | tillעַד (ad) prep 1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as 1a) of space 1a1) as far as, up to, even to 1b) in combination 1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from) 1c) of time 1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end 1d) of degree 1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like conj 2) until, while, to the point that, so that even Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705) |
| when? | מָתַ֗י | ma-TAI | H4970 | howמָתַי (ma.tay) 1) when? 1a) with prep 1a1) against when?, until when?, how long?, after how long? |
| you | אַתָּה֙ | 'a-TAH | H0859A | youאַנְתָּה (an.tah) you, thou (second pers. sing.) Aramaic of at.tah (אַתָּ֫ה "you(m.s.)" H0859A) |
| not | לֹֽא־ | lo'- | H3808 | notלֹא (lo) 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809) |
| will you have compassion on | תְרַחֵ֣ם | te-ra-CHEM | H7355 | to have compassionרָחַם (ra.cham) 1) to love, love deeply, have mercy, be compassionate, have tender affection, have compassion 1a) (Qal) to love 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to have compassion, be compassionate 1b1a) of God, man 1c) (Pual) to be shown compassion, be compassionate |
| Jerusalem | יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם | ye-ru-sha-LIM | H3389 | Arielאֲרִיאֵל (a.ri.el) Ariel = "lion of God" or "lioness of God" Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389) |
| [the] cities of | עָרֵ֣י | 'a-REI | H5892B | cityעִיר (ir) 1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded) 1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded) 1a) city, town |
| Judah | יְהוּדָ֑ה | ye-hu-DAH | H3063G | Judahיְהוּד (ye.hud) A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.29.35; son of: Israel (H3478) and Leah (H3812); brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074) and Dinah (H1783); half-brother of: Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); married to Bath-shua (H1323I) and Tamar (H8559); father of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209), Shelah (H7956), Perez (H6557) and Zerah (H2226I) Aramaic of ye.hu.dah (יְהוּדָה "Judah" H3063) Judah-the territory of the tribe of Judah |
| which | אֲשֶׁ֣ר | 'a-SHER | H0834A | whichאֲשֶׁר (a.sher) A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when |
| you have been indignant | זָעַ֔מְתָּה | za-'AM-tah | H2194 | be indignantזָעַם (za.am) 1) to denounce, express indignation, be indignant 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to have indignation, be indignant, be angrily indignant, be defiant 1a2) to be abhorrent 1a3) to express indignation in speech, denounce, curse 1b) (Niphal) to show indignation, show anger |
| this | זֶ֖ה | zeh | H2088 | thatדִּי (di) part of relation 1) who, which, that mark of genitive 2) that of, which belongs to, that conj 3) that, because |
| seventy | שִׁבְעִ֥ים | shiv-'IM | H7657 | seventyשִׁבְעִים (shiv.im) seventy |
| year[s] | שָׁנָֽה׃ | sha-NAH | H8141 | yearשְׁנָה (she.nah) year Aramaic of sha.neh (שָׁנָה "year" H8141) |
Words and meanings from STEPBible data (Tyndale House, Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). The capitalized syllable is the stressed one.