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Greek

By/under

ὑπόStrong’s G5259

hupo

Appears in 205 verses of the New Testament

In short

Hupo is the Greek word usually translated “by”, “under” and “from”. It appears in 205 verses of the New Testament.

“But we are bound to give thanks alway to God for you, brethren beloved of the Lord, because God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth:”
2 Thessalonians 2:13 KJV
Meaning

Usually translated “by”, “under” and “from”. Open the dictionary entry below for the full range of meaning, with the verses it cites.

How it's translated
  • by 164
  • under 53
  • from 8
  • at 1

Word-by-word English from the STEPBible tagged text.

Where it's used most
  • Acts 40
  • Luke 29
  • Matthew 27
  • 1 Corinthians 16
  • Galatians 14
  • Mark 12

23 books in all.

Related words
Explore in Scripture
All 205 verses, by book
Ephesians 4
1:222:115:125:13
Philippians 2
1:283:12
Colossians 2
1:232:18
1 Thessalonians 3
1:42:42:14
2 Thessalonians 1
2:13
1 Timothy 1
6:1
2 Timothy 1
2:26
1 Peter 2
2:45:6
3 John 1
1:12
Revelation 2
6:86:13
Greek dictionary

ὑπό hupo · by/under

ὑπό (before smooth breathing ὑπ᾽, Mat.8:9b, Luk.7:8b; before rough breathing ὑφ᾽, Rom.3:9; on the neglect of elision in Mt, Lk, ll. witha, Gal.3:22, see WH, App., 146; Tdf., Pr., iv), prep. with genitive, dative (not in NT), accusative …

From STEPBible’s Greek lexicon (based on Abbott-Smith).

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

How the English word “by” was understood when the King James Version was still the common Bible of English readers.

BY, preposition

  1. Near; close; as, sit by me; that house stands by a river.
  2. Near, in motion; as, to move, go or pass by a church.
  3. Through, or with, denoting the agent, means, instrument or cause; as, 'a city is destroyed by fire; ' 'profit is made by commerce; ' 'to take by force.' This use answers to that of the Latin per, through, denoting a passing, acting, agency, or instrumentality.
  4. 'Day by day; ' 'year by year; ' 'article by article.' In these phrases, by denotes passing from one to another, or each particular separately taken.
All definitions
  1. 'By the space of seven years.' In this phrase, by denotes through, passing or continuing, during.
  2. 'By this time, the sun had risen.' The word here seems to denote, at, present or come to.
  3. According to; as, 'this appears by his own account; ' 'these are good rules to live by '
  4. On; as, 'to pass by land or water; ' 'great battles by sea and land.' In the latter phrase, at or on might be substituted for by
  5. It is placed before words denoting quantity, measure or proportion; as, to sell by the pound; to work by the rod or perch; this line is longer by a tenth.
  6. It is used to represent the means or instrument of swearing, or affirming; as, to swear by heaven, or by earth; to affirm by all that is sacred.
  7. In the phrase, 'he has a cask of wine by him, ' by denotes nearness or presence.
  8. 'To sit by one's self, ' is to sit alone, or without company.
  9. 'To be present by attorney.' In this phrase, by denotes means or instrument; through or in the presence of a substitute.
  10. In the phrase, 'North by West, ' the sense seems to be north passing to the west, inclining or going westward, or near west.

Noah Webster, An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). Verse references are checked against the KJV. Read the full entry.

Verses are from the King James Version. Word meanings come from the original Greek, not from any one translation.