2 Samuel 23

2 Samuel · Chapter 23

2 Samuel 23:11

1Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said,2The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue.3The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God.4And he shall be as the light of the morning, when the sun riseth, even a morning without clouds; as the tender grass springing out of the earth by clear shining after rain.5Although my house be not so with God; yet he hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things, and sure: for this is all my salvation, and all my desire, although he make it not to grow.6But the sons of Belial shall be all of them as thorns thrust away, because they cannot be taken with hands:7But the man that shall touch them must be fenced with iron and the staff of a spear; and they shall be utterly burned with fire in the same place.8These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.9And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines that were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were gone away:10He arose, and smote the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand clave unto the sword: and the LORD wrought a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to spoil.11And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentiles: and the people fled from the Philistines.12But he stood in the midst of the ground, and defended it, and slew the Philistines: and the LORD wrought a great victory.13And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim.14And David was then in an hold, and the garrison of the Philistines was then in Bethlehem.15And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate!16And the three mighty men brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: nevertheless he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD.17And he said, Be it far from me, O LORD, that I should do this: is not this the blood of the men that went in jeopardy of their lives? therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mighty men.18And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief among three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred, and slew them, and had the name among three.19Was he not most honourable of three? therefore he was their captain: howbeit he attained not unto the first three.20And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man, of Kabzeel, who had done many acts, he slew two lionlike men of Moab: he went down also and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow:21And he slew an Egyptian, a goodly man: and the Egyptian had a spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand, and slew him with his own spear.22These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among three mighty men.23He was more honourable than the thirty, but he attained not to the first three. And David set him over his guard.24Asahel the brother of Joab was one of the thirty; Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,25Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,26Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,27Abiezer the Anethothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite,28Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite,29Heleb the son of Baanah, a Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai out of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin,30Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash,31Abialbon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite,32Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,33Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,34Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai, the son of the Maachathite, Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite,35Hezrai the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite,36Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite,37Zelek the Ammonite, Nahari the Beerothite, armourbearer to Joab the son of Zeruiah,38Ira an Ithrite, Gareb an Ithrite,39Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.

King James Version (1769)

Other translations

VerseKJVBSBASV
11And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentiles: and the people fled from the Philistines.And after him was Shammah son of Agee the Hararite. When the Philistines had banded together near a field full of lentils, Israel’s troops fled from them.And after him was Shammah the son of Agee a Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a plot of ground full of lentils; and the people fled from the Philistines.

In context

Who is speaking and to whom, what is happening, when and where, and why it matters, each with its sources. Coming with the context cards.

Where

Locations from OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0). Some ancient sites are uncertain.

Original Hebrew words

EnglishHebrewSay itStrong'sMeaning
and [was] after himוְאַחֲרָ֛יוve-'a-cha-RAVH0310A
after

אַחַר (a.char) 1) after the following part, behind (of place), hinder, afterwards (of time) 1a) as an adverb 1a1) behind (of place) 1a2) afterwards (of time) 1b) as a preposition 1b1) behind, after (of place) 1b2) after (of time) 1b3) besides 1c) as a conjunction 1c) after that 1d) as a substantive 1d1) hinder part 1e) with other prepositions 1e1) from behind 1e2) from following after

Shammaשַׁמָּ֥אsha-MA'H8037G
Shammah

שַׁמָּא (sham.ma) A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Sa.23.11; son of: Agee (H0089) § Shamma = "desert" an Asherite, son of Zophar

[the] son ofבֶן־ven-H1121A
son: child

בֵּן (ben) : child/son

Ageeאָגֵ֖א'a-GE'H0089
Agee

אָגֵא (a.ge) A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Sa.23.11; father of: Shammah (H8037) § Agee = "I shall increase" father of a warrior of David

[the] Harariteהָרָרִ֑יha-ra-RIH2043
Hararite

הֲרָרִי (ha.ra.ri) Someone descended from Harar or Harod (cf. 2Sa.23.11, 25), first mentioned at 2Sa.23.11 § Hararite = "mountain dweller" adj 1) a resident in or descendant of Harar; perhaps only a mountain dweller 2) Agee, a Hararite, one of David's heroes 3) Shammah, the Hararite, one of David's heroes 4) Sharar, the Hararite, the father of Ahiam, one of David's heroes

and they were gatheredוַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּvai-ye-'a-se-FUH0622
to gather

אָסַף (a.saph) 1) to gather, receive, remove, gather in 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to gather, collect 1a2) to gather (an individual into company of others) 1a3) to bring up the rear 1a4) to gather and take away, remove, withdraw 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to assemble, be gathered 1b2) (pass of Qal 1a2) 1b2a) to be gathered to one's fathers 1b2b) to be brought in or into (association with others) 1b3) (pass of Qal 1a4) 1b3a) to be taken away, removed, perish 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to gather (harvest) 1c2) to take in, receive into 1c3) rearguard, rearward (subst) 1d) (Pual) to be gathered 1e) (Hithpael) to gather oneself or themselves

[the] Philistinesפְלִשְׁתִּ֜יםfe-lish-TIMH6430G
Philistine

פְּלִשְׁתִּי (pe.lish.ti) Philistine = "immigrants" an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan Another spelling of pe.le.shet (פְּלֶ֫שֶׁת "Philistia" H6429)

to the Lehiלַחַיָּ֗הla-chai-YAHH2416D
community

חַיָּה (chay.yah) community

and it wasוַתְּהִי־va-te-hi-H1961
to be

הָיָה (ha.yah) 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) …

thereשָׁ֞םshamH8033G
there

שָׁם (sham) 1) there, thither 1a) there 1b) thither (after verbs of motion) 1c) from there, thence 1d) then (as an adverb of time) Aramaic equivalent: tam.mah (תַּמָּה "there" H8536)

[the] portion ofחֶלְקַ֤תchel-KATH2513A
portion

חֶלְקָה (chel.qah) 1) portion, parcel 1a) of ground

the fieldהַשָּׂדֶה֙ha-sa-DEHH7704B
land: soil

שָׂדֶה (sa.deh) : soil 1) field, land 1a) open field, country 1b) definite portion of ground, field, land 1c) land (opposed to sea)

fullמְלֵאָ֣הme-le-'AHH4392
full

מָלֵא (ma.le) 1) full, fulness, that which fills 1a) fully (adv)

of lentilsעֲדָשִׁ֔ים'a-da-SHIMH5742
lentil

עֲדָשָׁה (a.dash) lentil

and the peopleוְהָעָ֥םve-ha-'AMH5971KNo entry
it fledנָ֖סnasH5127
to flee

נוּד (nud) (P'al) to flee Aramaic of nus (נוּס "to flee" H5127)

from beforeמִפְּנֵ֥יmi-pe-NEIH6440G
face: before

פָּנֶה (pa.neh) : before/to/front 1) face 1a) face, faces 1b) presence, person 1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim) 1d) face (of animals) 1e) face, surface (of ground) 1f) as adv of loc/temp 1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before 1g) with prep 1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

[the] Philistinesפְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃fe-lish-TIMH6430G
Philistine

פְּלִשְׁתִּי (pe.lish.ti) Philistine = "immigrants" an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan Another spelling of pe.le.shet (פְּלֶ֫שֶׁת "Philistia" H6429)

Words and meanings from STEPBible data (Tyndale House, Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). The capitalized syllable is the stressed one.