1 Timothy 6:13
King James Version (1769)
Other translations
| Verse | KJV | BSB | ASV |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13 | I give thee charge in the sight of God, who quickeneth all things, and before Christ Jesus, who before Pontius Pilate witnessed a good confession; | I charge you in the presence of God, who gives life to all things, and of Christ Jesus, who made the good confession in His testimony before Pontius Pilate: | I charge thee in the sight of God, who giveth life to all things, and of Christ Jesus, who before Pontius Pilate witnessed the good confession; |
In context
AI-assisted, sourcedNear the end of the letter, Paul gives Timothy a solemn charge. He calls on God, the giver of life, and on Christ Jesus, who made a good confession before Pilate, as witnesses. The charge itself follows in verse 14: keep this commandment without fault until Christ appears. 1 Timothy 6:131 Timothy 6:141 Timothy overview
SpeakingPaul the apostle, who names himself as the writer at the start of the letter. 1 Timothy overview
ToTimothy, Paul's younger co-worker, whom Paul left to lead the church at Ephesus. Here Paul calls him "man of God." 1 Timothy overview1 Timothy 6:11
Also involvedGod and Christ Jesus are named as the ones in whose presence the charge is given. Pontius Pilate is mentioned as the official before whom Jesus made his confession. 1 Timothy 6:13Strong's G4194Strong's G4091
This is a formal charge, like a command given under oath before witnesses. Paul uses the same kind of wording earlier, charging Timothy "before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, and the elect angels." The point is that Timothy answers to God and Christ for how he keeps what he was given. 1 Timothy 6:13Strong's G3853Strong's G17991 Timothy 5:21
The letter was sent to Timothy in Ephesus, a wealthy port city and capital of the Roman province of Asia. Where Paul wrote from is not stated; he may have been in Macedonia. 1 Timothy overview
The eventsThe verse looks back to Jesus' trial before Pilate. There Jesus said he came "that I should bear witness unto the truth," and that his kingdom "is not of this world." 1 Timothy 6:13John 18:36John 18:37Matthew 27:11
WrittenTraditional view: about AD 62-64, by Paul, between his two Roman imprisonments. Scholarly view: many critical scholars date it around AD 80-110 and think a follower wrote in Paul's name, while others defend Paul's authorship and the earlier date. 1 Timothy overview
HerePaul has just warned against false teachers and the love of money, and told Timothy to flee these things and fight the good fight of faith. This charge seals that call with the highest possible witnesses. 1 Timothy 6:31 Timothy 6:101 Timothy 6:111 Timothy 6:121 Timothy overview
In the whole of ScriptureTimothy made "a good profession before many witnesses" (6:12), and Jesus made "a good confession" before Pilate (6:13). The same Greek word links them, so Jesus' faithful witness under trial is the model for Timothy's own stand. Other passages also call Jesus "the faithful witness." 1 Timothy 6:121 Timothy 6:13Strong's G3671Revelation 1:5Revelation 3:14
For readersThe verse reminds readers that faithfulness is lived before God, not just before people. Jesus held to the truth before a hostile ruler, and believers are called to hold to their confession in the same way. 1 Timothy 6:131 Timothy 6:14John 18:37
- I give thee chargeπαραγγέλλω
The word means to order or command. This is not friendly advice but a binding instruction, given in the sight of God. Strong's G3853Strong's G1799
- quickenethζωογονέω
"Quickeneth" is old English for "gives life." The lexicon notes that in the New Testament it can also mean to keep alive or preserve, so God is pictured as the one who both gives and sustains all life. Strong's G2225John 5:21
- witnessedμαρτυρέω
The word means to bear witness or testify. It ties this verse to Jesus' words to Pilate that he came "to bear witness unto the truth." Strong's G3140John 18:37
- confessionὁμολογία
This is the same word translated "profession" in verse 12. The KJV's two different English words hide that Timothy's confession is meant to echo Jesus' confession. Strong's G36711 Timothy 6:121 Timothy 6:13
Takeaway
Paul charges Timothy before the life-giving God and before Jesus, who stood firm in his confession before Pilate. Timothy's own public confession should be kept with the same faithfulness until Christ appears. 1 Timothy 6:121 Timothy 6:131 Timothy 6:14
Drafted by AI from the Scripture and data shown under “Show sources,” then checked automatically and by a second AI pass. Updated 2026-10-22.
The world around the text
Behind this verse
- Pontius Pilate
- Pilate governed Judea as prefect from AD 26 to 36, about thirty years before this letter. Tacitus also records that Christ was executed under him, and a stone found at Caesarea in 1961 bears his name and title. Luke 3:1Matthew 27:2Tacitus, Annals 15.44The Pilate Stone, Caesarea (found 1961)
About AD 62-64. Roman emperor: Nero (AD 54-68). Where Timothy was when Paul wrote. A port city on the west coast of today's Turkey and the greatest market of the province of Asia.
Who ruled
- Roman emperorNeroAD 54-68
Emperor over the whole Roman world, including Ephesus, Macedonia and Judea. When Paul appealed to Caesar as a Roman citizen, the Caesar was Nero. Paul tells Timothy to have prayers made "for kings, and for all that are in authority." Acts 25:10-12Acts 28:161 Timothy 2:1-2Suetonius, NeroTacitus, Annals 13-16
- Governor of the province where Ephesus stoodThe proconsul of AsiaOne-year terms
Asia was governed by a proconsul, a former consul appointed by the Senate for a year at a time, who heard cases in the province's leading cities. During the riot in Ephesus the town clerk reminded the crowd that "the law is open, and there are deputies" (proconsuls). Acts 19:38-39Strabo, Geography 17.3.25
- Jewish client kingHerod Agrippa IIc. AD 50-90s
Ruled territories north and east of Galilee under Rome and had the right to appoint the high priest in Jerusalem. He heard Paul's defense with Festus and told him, "Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian." Acts 25:13Acts 26:28Josephus, Antiquities 20.179, 20.203
- Roman governors of JudeaFestus, Albinus and Florusc. AD 59-66
Porcius Festus sent Paul to Rome and died in office around AD 62. Lucceius Albinus (62-64) and Gessius Florus (64-66) followed; Josephus blames Florus's greed and brutality for pushing Judea into revolt. Acts 24:27Acts 25:12Josephus, Antiquities 20.197-203, 20.252-258Josephus, Jewish War 2.271-308
- King of ParthiaVologases Ic. AD 51-78
Ruler of the Parthian empire east of the Euphrates, Rome's one great rival. He fought Rome over Armenia until a settlement in AD 63 let his brother Tiridates rule Armenia as Rome's client. Tacitus, Annals 15.1-17, 15.24-31Cassius Dio, Roman History 62.19-23
What was happening, AD 58 to AD 68
- AD 58-63WarRome and Parthia fight over Armenia
Roman armies under Corbulo took the Armenian capitals Artaxata and Tigranocerta. In AD 62 a second Roman army under Paetus surrendered at Rhandeia, and in AD 63 the two empires made peace. Tacitus, Annals 13.34-41, 14.23-26, 15.1-17, 15.24-31
- AD 60DisasterEarthquake destroys Laodicea
Laodicea, about 150 km (95 miles) east of Ephesus in the same province, was ruined by an earthquake and rebuilt from its own wealth without help from Rome. Paul's letters mention the church there, and Revelation later quotes the city's boast, "I am rich." Tacitus, Annals 14.27Colossians 4:13-16Revelation 3:17
- AD 60-61WarBoudica's revolt in Britain
Boudica, queen of the Iceni, led a rising that burned Camulodunum (Colchester), Londinium (London) and Verulamium before the Roman governor Suetonius Paulinus defeated her. Tacitus, Annals 14.29-39
- c. AD 60-62The churchPaul under guard in Rome
Paul lived two whole years in Rome under house arrest, receiving visitors and preaching openly. The traditional date for 1 Timothy places it soon after his release. Acts 28:16Acts 28:30-31
- c. AD 61-63DiscoveryNero's expedition up the Nile
Nero sent a party of soldiers to find the source of the Nile. They travelled far beyond Egypt and reached vast marshes they could not cross, likely the Sudd in today's South Sudan. The date is approximate. Seneca, Natural Questions 6.8.3-4Pliny, Natural History 6.181
- AD 62The churchJames, the Lord's brother, is killed in Jerusalem
Festus died in office. Before the next governor arrived, the high priest Ananus had "James, the brother of Jesus who was called Christ" and others stoned. Ananus was removed after three months. Josephus, Antiquities 20.197-203Galatians 1:19Acts 15:13
- AD 62 or 63DisasterEarthquake hits Pompeii
An earthquake badly damaged Pompeii and Herculaneum in Italy, seventeen years before Vesuvius buried them. Seneca dates it to AD 62; Tacitus to AD 63. Seneca, Natural Questions 6.1Tacitus, Annals 15.22
- c. AD 62DiscoveryHero of Alexandria's machines
The engineer Hero of Alexandria, whose work is dated by an eclipse of AD 62 he describes, wrote up a steam-spun sphere (the aeolipile) and a coin-operated machine that dispensed water in temples. Hero, Pneumatics 1.21, 2.11Hero, Dioptra 35
- c. AD 63-64BuildingJerusalem's temple is finished
Work on the temple Herod began around 20 BC was completed under Albinus, leaving some 18,000 workers without jobs. Six years later Roman armies destroyed it, as Jesus had foretold. Josephus, Antiquities 20.219-222John 2:20Luke 21:5-6
- July AD 64DisasterThe Great Fire of Rome
Fire burned for days. Of Rome's fourteen districts, three were destroyed and seven badly damaged. Nero then built his vast Golden House on the cleared land. Tacitus, Annals 15.38-43Suetonius, Nero 31, 38
- AD 64The churchNero blames and kills Christians
To end rumours that he had started the fire, Nero blamed the Christians of Rome. Tacitus records a "vast multitude" put to death, some torn by dogs and some burned as torches. Tacitus, Annals 15.44Suetonius, Nero 16.2
- AD 65RulersA plot against Nero fails
The Pisonian conspiracy to kill Nero was betrayed. Among those forced to take their own lives was Seneca, Nero's former tutor and the brother of Gallio, the governor who dismissed the case against Paul in Corinth. Tacitus, Annals 15.48-74Acts 18:12-17
- AD 66WarThe Jewish revolt begins
After Florus seized money from the temple treasury, Jerusalem rose against Rome and the daily sacrifice offered for the emperor was stopped. The war ended with Jerusalem and its temple destroyed in AD 70. Josephus, Jewish War 2.293-308, 2.409-410Luke 21:20-24
- AD 66-67BuildingNero tours Greece and starts a canal at Corinth
Nero competed in the Greek games and broke ground for a canal across the Isthmus of Corinth. The work stopped after his death; the canal was finally cut in 1893. Suetonius, Nero 19, 22-24
- c. AD 67The churchPaul's death in Rome
In his last letter Paul writes from prison that "the time of my departure is at hand." Early Christian tradition says he was beheaded in Rome under Nero. 2 Timothy 4:6-8Eusebius, Church History 2.25
- June AD 68RulersNero dies
Facing revolt in the provinces and declared an enemy by the Senate, Nero took his own life. Four emperors ruled in turn during the following year before Vespasian took power. Suetonius, Nero 47-49Tacitus, Histories 1.2
The full picture: places, culture and daily life. Scripture first, then the ancient historians who wrote about these years (Tacitus, Suetonius, Josephus, Seneca, Pliny the Elder, Strabo, Cassius Dio). Dates are as those writers give them; approximate dates say so. Drafted by Claude and not yet reviewed by a person.
Original Greek words
| English | Greek | Say it | Strong's | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I charge | Παραγγέλλω | Parangellō | G3853 | to orderπαραγγέλλω (parangellō) παρ-αγγέλλω (παρά, ἀγγὲλλω), [in LXX for שָׁמַע pi., hi., etc. ;] 1. to transmit a message (Æsch., Eur.). 2. to order, command (Hdt., Xen., al.) : with inf., Act.15:5; with accusative of thing(s), 1Co.11:17, 2Th.3:4, 1Ti.4:11 5:7; before ἵνα (M, Pr., 207; Bl., § 69, 4), Mrk.6:8, 2Th.3:12; with dative of person(s), Act.17:30 R, txt., 1Th.4:11; before λέγων, Mat.10:5; with inf. aor., Mat.15:35, Mrk.8:6, Luk.8:29, Act.10:42 16:18 (aoristic pres.; see M, Pr., 119); id. with neg., μή, Luk.5:14 8:56, Act.23:22, 1Co.7:10; with inf. pres., Act.16:23, 2Th.3:6; id. with neg., ιή, Luk.9:21, Act.1:4 4:1 … |
| you | σοι | soi | G4771 | youσέ (se) αὐτός, -ή, -ό, determinative pron., in late Gk. much more frequently than in cl. (WM, 178f.; Jannaris, HGG, §1399). 1. Emphatic (so always in nom. exc. when preceded by the art., see infr., iii); (1) self (ipse), expressing opposition, distinction, exclusion, etc., αὐ. ἐκχυθήσεται, Luk.5:37; αὐ. ἐγινώσκεν, Jhn.2:25; αὐ.ὑμεῖς, Jhn.3:28; καὶ αὐ. ἐγώ, Rom.15:14; αὐ. Ἰησοῦς, Jhn.2:24; αὐ. καὶ οἱ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ, Mrk.2:25; ὑμεῖς αὐ., Mrk.6:31; esp. (as freq in cl.) αὐ. ὁ, Mat.3:4, Mrk.6:17, Jhn.16:27, 1Th.3:11, al.; in late Gk., sometimes weakened, ἐν αὐτῇ τ. ὥρᾳ, in that hour, Luk.10:21 (M, Pr., 91; … |
| before | ἐνώπιον | enōpion | G1799 | beforeἐνώπιον (enōpion) ἐνώπιος, -ον (ὤψ), [in LXX for פָּנִים, etc. ;] face to face, in sight (Theocr.; ἄρτοι ἐ., Exo.25:29): neut., ἐνώπιον, in vernacular, with force of prep. with genitive [in LXX for פָּנִים, עַיִן, etc., cf. Dalman, Words, 31 f., 209 f., and Deiss., BS., 213], in NT, most frequently in Lk, Ac, Re, never in Mt, Mk, before, in the presence of: Luk.1:19 Luk.4:7, Act.4:10 Act.6:5, Rev.1:4 2:14, al.; esp. ἐ. Κυρίου (θεοῦ), in the sight of God, or with God as witness or as judge, Rom.14:22, 1Co.1:29, 1Ti.2:3, Jas.4:10, 1Pe.3:4, al. (AS) |
| God | θεοῦ | theou | G2316 | Godθεός (theos) θεός, -οῦ, ὁ, ἡ (Act.19:37 only; see M, Pr., 60, 244), late voc., θεέ (Mat.27:46; cf. Deu.3:24, al.), [in LXX chiefly for אֱלֹהִים, also for אֵל and other cognate forms, יהוה, etc. ;] a god or deity, God. 1. In polytheistic sense, a god or deity: Act.28:6, 1Co.8:4, 2Th.2:4, al.; pl., Ac. 14:11 19:26, Gal.4:8, al. 2. Of the one true God; … |
| is giving life | ζῳογονοῦντος | zōogonountos | G2225 | to give lifeζωογονέω (zōogoneō) ζωογονέω, -ῶ (ζωός, alive, γένεσθαι), [in LXX Exo.1:17-18, 22, Jdg.8:19, 1Ki.2:6 27:9 27:11, 3Ki.20:31, 4Ki.7:4 (חָיָה pi., hi.), Lev.11:47 (חַי)* ;] 1. in cl., to engender, produce alive, endue with life. 2. In LXX. and NT, to preserve alive (DCG, ii, 606; Cremer, 274): Luk.17:33, Act.7:19, 1Ti.6:13 (EV, quickeneth; R, mg., preserveth).† (AS) |
| to all things | πάντα | panta | G3956 | allπᾶς (pas) πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν, genitive, παντός, πάσης, παντός, [in LXX chiefly for כֹּל ;] all, every. I. As adj., 1. with subst. anarth., all, every, of every kind: Mat.3:10 4:23, Mrk.9:49, Luk.4:37, Jhn.2:1o, Act.27:20, Rom.7:8, Rev.18:17, al. mult.; pl., all, Act.22:15, Rom.5:12, Heb.1:6, al.; of the highest degree, π. ἐξουσία (προθυμία, χαρά), Mat.28:18, Act.17:11, Phi 2:29, al.; also the whole (though in this sense more frequently with art.), Mat.2:3, Act.2:36, Rom.11:26. … |
| and | καὶ | kai | G2532 | andκαί (kai) καί, conj., and I. Copulative. 1. Connecting single words; (a) in general: Mat.2:18, 16:1, Mrk.2:15, Luk.8:15, Heb.1:1, al. mult.; repeated before each of the terms in a series, Mat.23:23, Luk.14:21, Rom.7:12, 9:4, al. (b) connecting numerals (WM, §37, 4): Jhn.2:20, Act.13:20; (with) joining terms which are not mutually exclusive, as the part with the whole: Mat.8:33, 26:59, Mrk.16:17, Act.5:29, al. 2. Connecting clauses and sentences: Mat.3:12, Act.5:21, al. mult.; esp. … |
| Christ | Χριστοῦ | Christou | G5547 | ChristΧριστός (Christos) χριστός (Χρ-), -ή, -όν (χρίω), [in LXX for מָשִׁיחַ and cogn. forms ;] 1. 1. as adj., (a) of things, anointing, to be used as ointment (Æsch., Eur., al.; τ. ἔλαιον τὸ χ., Lev.21:10); (b) of persons, anointed (ὁ ἰερεὺς ὁ χ., Lev.4:5; οἱ χ. ἰευρεῖς, 2Ma.1:10): ὁ χ. τοῦ κυρίου or Θεοῦ (1Ki.2:10, Psa.2:2, al.), of the Messiah (Aram., מְשִׁיחָא; cf. Dalman, Words, 289 ff.), Luk.2:11, 26 Jhn.1:41, Act.2:36 4:26, al. … |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦ | Iēsou | G2424G | JesusἸησοῦς (Iēsous) Ἰησοῦς, -οῦ, dative, voc. -οῦ, accusative, -οῦν (Heb. יֵשׁוּעַ ,יְהֹשֻׁעַ ,יְהוֹשׁוּעַ), 1. JESUS: Mat.1:21, al.; ὁ Ἰ, ib. 3:13, al.; Ἰ. Χριστός, ib. 1:1, Mrk.1:1, al.; Χρ. Ἰ., Rom.2:26, al.; κύριος Ἰ., Act.28:31, al.; Ἰησοῦ, voc., Mrk.1:24, al. 2. Joshua: Act.7:45, Heb.4:8. 3. Jesus, son of Eliezer: Luk.3:28. 4. Jesus, surnamed Justus: Col.4:11. 5. see: βαραββᾶς. (AS) |
| having testified | μαρτυρήσαντος | marturēsantos | G3140 | to testifyμαρτυρέω (martureō) μαρτυρέω, -ῶ (μάρτυς), [in LXX chiefly for עֵד (עֵד (Gen.31:47-48, al.), also for עוּד hi. (Gen.43:3, La 2:13), עָנָה (Num.35:30) ;] (a) prop., to be a witness, bear witness, testify: absol. (find., al.), Jhn.15:27, Act.26:5; parenthetical (Bl., § 79, 7; MM, xvi), 2Co.8:3; with dative of person(s) (comm. and incomm.; El., § 37, 2), Act.22:5, Heb.10:15; id. before ὅτι, Mat.23:31, Rom.10:2, al.; accusative and inf., Act.10:43; with accusative of thing(s) (cl.), Jhn.3:11, Rev.22:16, 20; with accusative cogn., before περί, Jhn.5:32, 1Jn.5:10; with dative of thing(s), Jhn.5:33, Act.14:3, al.; befo … |
| before | ἐπὶ | epi | G1909 | upon/to/againstἐπί (epi) ἐπί (before a smooth breathing ἐπ᾽, before a rough breathing ἐφ᾽), prep. with genitive, dative, accusative (accusative most frequently in NT), with primary sense of superposition, on, upon. I. C. genitive, 1. of place, answering the question, where? … |
| Pontius | Ποντίου | Pontiou | G4194 | PontiusΠόντιος (Pontios) Πόντιος, -ου, ὁ Pontius, the prænomen of Pilate (see: Πειλᾶτος), Mat.27:2 (Rec., WH, mg.), Luk.3:1, Act.4:27, 1Ti.6:13.† (AS) |
| Pilate | Πιλάτου | Pilatou | G4091 | PilateΠιλᾶτος (Pilatos) Πειλᾶτος (Rec. Πιλάτος, Tr., -ᾶτος, see WH, App., 155), -ου, ὁ, Pontius Pilate: Mat.27:2, Mrk.15:1, Luk.3:1, Jhn.18:29, Act.3:13, 1Ti.6:13, al (AS) |
| good | καλὴν | kalēn | G2570G | goodκαλλίον (kallion) καλλίων, -ον compar. of καλός, see: καλῶς καλῶς adv. (καλός), [in LXX for parts and derivatives of יָטַב ;] finely, rightly, well: Luk.6:48, 1Co.14:17, Gal.4:17 5:7, Jas.2:3; λέγειν, λαλεῖν, etc., Mat.15:7, Mrk.7:6 12:28, Luk.6:26 20:39, Jhn.4:17 8:48 13:13 18:23, Act.28:25; as exclamation of approval, Mrk.12:32, Rom.11:20; κ. ποιεῖν, Mat.12:12, 1Co.7:37-38 Jas.2:8, 19; with dative of person(s) (cl. accusative; WM, § 32, 1 β), Luk.6:27; with accusative of thing(s), Mrk.7:37; with ptcp., Act.10:33 (M, Pr., 131), Php.4:14, 2Pe.1:19, 3Jn.6; προϊστάναι (-ασθαι), 1Ti.3:4 3:12 5:17; διακονεῖν, 1 … |
| confession | ὁμολογίαν | homologian | G3671 | confessionὁμολογία (homologia) ὁμολογία, -ας, ἡ (όμολογέω), [in LXX: Deu.12:6, 17. Amo.4:5, Eze.46:12 (נְדָבָה), Lev.22:18, Jer.44:25 (נֶדֶר), I Est.9:8 * ;] 1. in cl., an agreement assent, compact (in π., of a contract; Deiss., BS, 249). 2. confession (prob. always in an objective sense): 2Co.9:13, 1Ti.6:12-13 Heb.3:1 4:14 10:13.† (AS) |
Words and meanings from STEPBible data (Tyndale House, Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). The capitalized syllable is the stressed one.