pōroō (to harden)

Meaning

Usually translated “hardened”, “were hardened” and “has hardened”. Open the dictionary entry below for the full range of meaning, with the verses it cites.

How it's translated

hardened 2
were hardened 2
has hardened 1

Word-by-word English from the STEPBible tagged text.

Where it's used most

Mark 2
John 1
Romans 1
2 Corinthians 1

4 books in all.

Related words

Explore in Scripture

Mark 8:17And when Jesus knew it, he saith unto them, Why reason ye, because ye have no bread? perceive ye not yet, neither understand? have ye your heart yet hardened?
John 12:40He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart; that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them.
Romans 11:7What then? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded.
2 Corinthians 3:14But their minds were blinded: for until this day remaineth the same vail untaken away in the reading of the old testament; which vail is done away in Christ.

Greek dictionary

πωρόω pōroō · to harden

πωρόω, -ῶ (πῶρος, 1. a stone. 2. a callus) [in LXX: Job.17:7 B(כָּהָה), Pro.10:20 A * ;] to petrify, harden, form a callus. Metaphorical, π. τ. καρδίαν, Jhn.12:40. Pass., Rom.11:7; τ. νοήματα, 2Co.3:14; ἡ καρδία, Mrk.6:52 8:17 † (AS)

From STEPBible’s Greek lexicon (based on Abbott-Smith).

Webster's 1828 Dictionary

How the English word “harden” was understood when the King James Version was still the common Bible of English readers.

H'ARDEN, verb transitive

h'ardn. To make hard or more hard; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden iron or steel; to harden clay.

To confirm in effrontery; to make impudent; as, to harden the face.
To make obstinate, unyielding or refractory; as, to harden the neck. Jeremiah 19:15
To confirm in wickedness, opposition or enmity; to make obdurate.“Why then do ye harden your hearts, as Pharaoh and the Egyptians hardened their hearts?” 1 Samuel 6:6
To make insensible or unfeeling; as, to harden one against impressions of pity or tenderness.

All definitions and other forms of “harden”

To make firm; to endure with constancy.“I would harden myself in sorrow” Job 6:10
To inure; to render firm or less liable to injury, by exposure or use; as, to harden to a climate or to labor.

H'ARDEN, verb intransitive

h'ardn. To become hard or more hard; to acquire solidity or more compactness. Mortar hardens by drying.

To become unfeeling.
To become inured.
To indurate, as flesh.

Noah Webster, An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). Verse references are checked against the KJV. Read the full entry.